Digital and Electronic Circuits ELEX 2220

Upon successful completion, the student will be able to:

TERM A: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES

LATCHES AND FLIP-FLOPS

Analyze and implement latches and flip-flops.

• Define setup and hold time, rise and fall time, propagation delay, pulse width.
• Implement practical circuits with J-K and/or D flip-flops.
• Generate timing diagrams, state tables and state diagrams for latches and flip-flops.

MEASUREMENTS

Use the voltmeter, oscilloscope and frequency counter.

• Use DVM, VOM, DC supply, to test/measure/troubleshoot logic circuits.
• Use oscilloscope to display repetitive, non-repetitive digital waveforms.

COUNTERS

Analyze, design and use various counters such as decade, up/down, modulo N.

• Analyze, design and implement, asynchronous binary counters (up or down).
• Analyze, design and implement modulo N counters.
• Calculate propagation delay in sequential circuits.
• Analyze and implement synchronous as well as presetable up/down counters.
• Cascade counters.
• Analyze, design and implement counter state decoders and seven segment displays.
• Show sequential logic timing relationships on the oscilloscope.
• Generate timing diagrams, state tables and state diagrams for counters.
• Analyze, design and implement basic storage register (PIPO).

SHIFT REGISTERS

Analyze, design and use various shift registers such as SIPO, PISO and L/R.

• Analyze, design and implement, N bit shift register circuits using discrete flip-flops.
• Analyze and implement SISO, SIPO, and PISO shift registers.
• Analyze shift registers and show binary arithmetic application.
• Cascade shift registers.
• Generating timing diagrams, state tables and state diagrams for shift registers.
• Analyze parity error detection circuits.
• Analyze parity error detection circuits.

ELECTRONIC CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF CMOS LOGIC

Use detailed specifications of digital ICs from their data sheets.

• Analyze standard, open drain and three-state outputs listing differences, advantages and applications.
• Determine CMOS I/O characteristics from data sheets.
• Calculate CMOS noise margins, propagation delays, power dissipation.
• Determine I/O characteristics of other logic families using data sheets.

LOGIC CIRCUIT INTERFACE

Interface CMOS logic to such devices as LEDs, transistors and relays.

• Analyze and implement the transistor as a switch.
• Interface CMOS to LEDs, opto-couplers, small signal transistors, power transistors and relays.
• Describe the operation of standard and reed relays.

MULTIPLEXING

Analyze, design and implement a bus structure using multiplexing/de-multiplexing, decoding, and tri-state techniques.

• Define the terms multiplexing and de-multiplexing.
• Analyze and design a digital multiplexor using CMOS ICs and discrete gates.
• Analyze common bus techniques using tristate and open drain devices.

MEMORY

Analyze RAM and ROM memory, and address decoding.

• Define RAM and ROM memory, and their main features.
• Analyze and design address decoding for memory clips.

TERM B: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

BASIC PRINCIPLES

Identify the symbols, terminology and characteristics of diodes and the bipolar junction transistor.

• Explain depletion region formation and the effects of forward and reverse bias on a PN junction.
• Draw and interpret the I-V characteristic of a diode and a zener diode.
• Specify the required bias polarities and explain the basic operation of a BJT.
• Identify and use correct symbology and terminology for diodes and BJTs.
• Demonstrate the use of basic laboratory test equipment.
• Demonstrate the use of relevant electrical circuit concepts.

COMMON EMITTER CIRCUITS/THE TRANSISTOR SWITCH

Design and test a common emitter amplifier.

• Describe and interpret the graphical characteristics of a BJT in the common emitter configuration.
• Analyze and design a fixed base current DC bias circuit for a transistor connected as a CE amplifier.
• Describe the connection of an AC input signal to a CE circuit and the resulting DC and AC equivalent circuits.
• Analyze, design and test a small signal CE AC amplifier.
• Explain the effects of transistor parameter variations on amplifier characteristics.
• Describe the operation of a transistor switch.
• Explain power dissipation considerations/worst case design.
• Analyze, design and test single-transistor switch circuits.

THE EMITTER FOLLOWER (COMMON COLLECTOR) AMPLIFIER

Design and test an emitter follower amplifier.

• Analyze, design and test a small signal emitter follower AC amplifier.
• Use a transistor tester to measure transistor AC current gain.
• Evaluate the comparative characteristics of the common emitter and emitter follower configurations.

IMPROVED BIAS CIRCUITS

Design and test improved bias circuits using negative feedback.

• Explain DC bias stability and the use of negative feedback to obtain the same.
• Perform exact and approximate analysis to design voltage divider bias circuits.
• Construct and evaluate a CE amplifier using voltage divider biasing.

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

Design and test field effect transistor circuits.

• Explain the bias requirements and internal operation of a junction field effect transistor (JFET).
• Draw and interpret the graphical characteristics of a JFET.
• Identify and use correct JFET symbols and terminology.
• Describe the use of a JFET as a constant current source and as a voltage variable resistor.
• Analyze, design and test a common source JFET AC amplifier.
• Use a transistor curve tracer to observe and match JFET characteristics.
• Construct and evaluate a high input resistance JFET DC amplifier.
• Describe the biasing, operation and transfer characteristics of MOSFETs (including VMOS).
• Measure and plot the transfer characteristic of a power MOSFET.
• Describe the operation of CMOS digital logic.

AMPLIFIER FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Analyze the frequency response of amplifiers.

• Express amplifier voltage and power gain in decibels.
• Define and identify on a gain-frequency plot: f1, f2, and bandwidth.
• Analyze a typical amplifier circuit for low and high frequency rolloff in terms of the AC model.
• Construct an AC equivalent circuit and predict, measure and plot the effects of coupling, bypass and shunt capacitances on the amplitude and phase response of the circuit.

POWER AMPLIFIERS

Design and test power amplifiers.

• Explain the significance of the AC vs DC loadlines for an amplifier.
• Explain the development of the 'Totem Pole' emitter follower output stage.
• Identify and explain the characteristics of the Darlington and complimentary Darlington transistor configuration.
• Identify a complementary and quasi-complementary output stage.
• Explain the function of each stage and analyze the DC and AC characteristics of several multi-stage power amplifiers.
• Analyze and test a discrete component power amplifier and an integrated circuit power amplifier.
• Describe the need for heatsinking of electronic components and perform the associated analysis and design.

Effective as of Fall 2013