This course is designed to enhance human relations skills and knowledge base of medical radiography students to support their learning and clinical performance. Interactions with patients are often brief, associated with trauma or health crisis within in a harried work environment. The practice medical imaging must be "automatic" yet very open to the demands of the particular situation. The technologist must be able to establish a "competent rapport" quickly and work very flexibly with issues as they present. As well, the technologist must be able to function effectively as part of a team in the face of a changing technological environment. This course explores psychological and sociological concepts, research, and applications of relevance to medical imaging technologist in training and in clinical practice. Topic include: skills for interaction and communication; preventing and managing distress in clients and self; working with cultural diversity; dealing with clients' needs associated with age and abilities; mortality; managing interpersonal conflict and harassment. Emphasis is on improving sensitivity and human relations skills in dealing with patients, health care team and self.

This course is the first of three consecutive courses examining normal human structure and function. Three approaches to anatomy are utilized: first, an examination of selected body systems, followed by a regional approach, relating components of these systems to nearby organs. Finally the systems and regional viewpoints are integrated into a sectional imaging approach, viewing parts of the body in all three fundamental body planes, and in oblique planes where appropriate. Conventional anatomic presentations are supplemented by images obtained from a variety of diagnostic medical imaging technologies. Physiology is presented where it is relevant to, and contributes to an understanding of structure, the relationships among adjacent organs, to fundamental body processes, functional diagnostic imaging procedures and important clinical considerations. The first course begins with an introduction to general body organization, the different ways of studying anatomy and the common terminology used to describe the body and its components. Levels of organization from cellular to body systems are introduced and some basic concepts of cell and tissue structure described, concentrating on those of clinical relevance. This is followed by a brief examination of the integument (skin) where the concepts are applied in the context of a relatively simple body system. The systems approach continues with an in-depth examination of the skeletal system, although detailed anatomy of the axial skeleton (rib cage, skull and vertebral column) is postponed until the thorax, head and neck are examined in subsequent courses. Emphasis is on general features of bones, bone tissue, bone growth and bone physiology. The section ends with a study of joint structure and function, utilizing selected examples of complex synovial joints. A brief examination of the muscular system follows, emphasizing gross structure of muscles, their contribution to the walls of body cavities, limb structure and movement, and the appearance of skeletal muscles on medical images. The course finishes with the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system and its accessory structures, concentrating on those parts that lie within the abdomino-pelvic cavity. Studies focus on gross anatomy of the components and their relationships to other abdominal organs. The principles underlying digestion and absorption are explored along with physiology relevant to static and functional imaging of the digestive system.

This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge needed to operate radiographic and accessory imaging equipment in the clinical environment. It covers the technical and physical principles affecting the radiographic image acquisition, processing, display and storage. The curriculum is based on digital imaging environments however film screen imaging (sensitometric curve) will be used as reference to enhance and build on key concepts. Topics include in-depth study of the structural design of a radiographic system's components (x-ray tube, table, bucky and generator). Also of importance are factors that influence the resultant image such as patient variables, technical exposure factors, beam geometry, equipment malfunction, display monitors, programmed image algorithms, and post acquisition processing tools. Random computed radiographic images will be used to discuss variables in quality and diagnostic parameters with respect to providing solutions based on technical, equipment, exposure technique or patient influence. The imaging principles of fluoroscopic equipment used in the general imaging department as well as mobile C-arms will be covered. The design, construction, advantages and challenges of producing images with this type of equipment will be discussed in depth.

This course introduces the student to the clinical environment through online delivery of theory and visual presentation. The topics include essential elements of the general imaging department such as workflow, patient and departmental documentation, the role of the technologist in the workplace and their relationship with patients and other healthcare members. This includes acceptable behaviour and professionalism in the imaging department. The student will become familiar with hospital/department administrative levels, workplace safety regulations, incident/abuse reporting procedures and medical information documentation requirements. Students will be prepared for their first clinical experience through an understanding of radiation protection procedures and regulations concerning all members of the workplace. The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WHMIS) will be covered in detail. This course will be delivered in a blended manner utilizing online and face to face resources and instruction.

This course is the first of three focusing on patient care, medicolegal documentation, image production and diagnostic quality. This course provides the theory and skills required to perform basic imaging procedures of the axial (vertebrae and thoracic cage) and appendicular skeleton (excluding skull), chest and abdomen. In addition, students will cover the positioning requirements and patient care associated with gastrointestinal system examination. Emphasis is placed on problem solving for atypical patients and their specific physical, emotional and psychological needs. The theory will be supported by various laboratory settings and hands-on experiences to prepare for the clinical practice.

The students in this course will gain knowledge and skills for patient care as required prior, during and post imaging exams. They will be introduced to imaging accessory equipment and patient support equipment used in the operating room, patient's room and the emergency/trauma areas. Students will gain skills in preparing sterile surgical trays, injectable medication, application of oxygen supply, ECG leads and intravenous lines. Students will also focus on the atypical patient. Through the study of various patient disability scenarios (physical, mental and emotional), students will plan patient specific care models. This course will provide the knowledge and skills to effectively manage patients during imaging procedures for the post surgical patient, critical/trauma patient and those with life lines and tube attachment. It will also provide the theory and practice for assessment of patient vital signs such as temperature, pulse, respiration and oxygen saturation levels. The skills required for the delivery of contrast media for urinary and gastrointestinal examinations such as catheterization and enema will be covered. Theory will be supported with supervised laboratory activities designed to give students opportunities to apply their critical thinking and manual skills to a variety of patient care situations. Topics in this course will be aligned to compliment and support other Medical Radiography courses.

This course parallels and supports topics presented in Relational Anatomy and Physiology 1. The content will be covered in a laboratory environment using digital patient images, and anatomical models. The content will provide an in-depth focus of the entire skeleton (except cranium) and the digestive system. Patient images will include sectional presentation where applicable. This course will also provide the anatomical information required for Radiographic Procedures 1 lecture, positioning and critique laboratory sessions. This course will be delivered in a blended manner utilizing online and face to face resources and instruction.

This is an introductory level course that emphasizes the application of physical phenomena in medical radiography. Topics include structure of matter, electromagnetic radiation, electrostatics, direct and alternating current circuits, magnetism, and production of x-rays. The physics of x-ray tubes and the x-ray generator components, including heat dissipation, will also be discussed. Students will relate the production of radiation to a resultant radiographic image. Also discussed will be radiation exposure factors/setting and their direct effect on image diagnostic quality.

This is the first of three clinical education courses. The students will be provided with ample opportunities to apply their patient care and patient positioning skills. With this extended term, the students will attain both competency and confidence in the imaging workplace. The primary focus is for patient examinations of the entire skeleton (except cranium), chest, abdomen, and gastrointestinal contrast studies. Students will be scheduled in all areas related to patient imaging practice such as general imaging department, acute/trauma areas, operating room, patient wards and outpatient clinics. Patient competency evaluations will be performed on ambulatory and patients with low medical acuity. Prerequisites: All Level 1 courses

This on-line course provides an introduction to general pathology and specifics of bone pathology. The students will study commonly occurring bone fractures seen in the clinical environment. Emphasis is placed on recognition of fractures and subsequent changes to required patient care and exposure factors. The theoretical component will be supported by images demonstrating normal and pathological presentations. This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction. Prerequisites: BHSC 2214 and MRAD 2230

To provide students with a knowledge of radiation biology so that they can apply effective radiation protection measures to patients, personnel and members of the public; in meeting the entry to practice competencies of the CAMRT, for radiation, health and safety in radiology. The first part of this course deals with a rationale for radiation protection and the fundamental concepts of Radiobiology through a discussion of radiation interaction with tissue, radiosensitivity, and early and late effects of radiation. In the second part of the course, the current standards for radiation protection are introduced. First, the principles of radiation protection and the establishment of dose limits are described. This is followed by a discussion of various methods used to minimize radiation dose to both patients and personnel. The course concludes with a discussion of the Canadian Radiation Protection Safety Code, SC-35, on topics defined by the CAMRT competencies and how they relate to the factors affecting dose to patients, personnel and members of the public. Finally, it is important to note that all radiation protection codes covered in this course will be those for Canada (SC-35:see reference listed in the Required Resources of this Course Outline) and not for the United States as described in Stewart Bushong's textbook on Radiologic Science. This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction. Prerequisites: MRAD 1202 and BHSC 2214 and PHYS 1276

This course is the second of three consecutive courses examining normal human structure and function. It is available on-line after completion of the first clinical experience in term 2 of the program. Three approaches to anatomy are utilized in the Medical Radiography program: first, an examination of selected body systems, followed by a regional approach, relating components of these systems to nearby organs. Finally the systems and regional viewpoints are integrated into a sectional imaging approach, viewing parts of the body in all three fundamental body planes, and in oblique planes where appropriate. Conventional anatomic presentations are supplemented by images obtained from a variety of diagnostic medical imaging technologies. Physiology is presented where it is relevant to, and contributes to an understanding of structure, the relationships among adjacent organs, to fundamental body processes, functional diagnostic imaging procedures and important clinical considerations. This on-line course takes up where BHSC 2214 ended, with an examination of organ systems located primarily in the abdomino-pelvic cavity. These include the kidneys and urinary tract, and reproductive systems of the adult male and female. Emphasis is placed on the gross anatomy, location and anatomical relationships among component organs within the cavity. Microscopic structure and physiological function are discussed where appropriate. Building on an understanding of the structure and function of organs comprising the majority of the abdomino-pelvic cavity contents, the course now shifts from a systems approach to a sectional one. Imaging technologies frequently present anatomical information in the form of slices (sections) in multiple planes, although horizontal (transverse) sections are those most frequently encountered. The format is not easy to interpret, but with some guidance and a lot of experience, students will gradually become more familiar with scans and the structures displayed on them. Use of the Interactive Human Sectional Anatomy Disc, supporting textbook and other imaging resources will facilitate this process. Thus, the remaining part of this course is essentially comprised of a sequence of horizontal sections of the abdomino-pelvic cavity from superior (diaphragm) to inferior (pelvic floor), each with an explanatory text. Scattered throughout are selected sagittal and coronal sections where they demonstrate anatomic features and relationships with more clarity. All sections show organs that are parts of other more widespread systems (endocrine lymphatic systems for example) that have not been covered in this or the previous course. Their structure, function and relationships will be described as they are encountered, and the systems of which they are parts will be examined in greater detail later in the program. This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction. Prerequisites: BHSC 2214 and MRAD 2208 and MRAD 2230

The student will study current and emerging issues in the Canadian Health Care System such as: organizational change, resource management, departmental operation, and professionalism in the workplace. The student will study ethical issues as encountered in current healthcare environment relevant to: application of their Professional Code of Ethics, Canadian Health Care principles versus Patient's right , cultural and ethnic implications for treatment, socio-economic implications on healthcare, and public versus private health care access. This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction.

This on-line course will provide the students with the basic skill set to perform common and specialized CT scan examinations. Emphasis will be placed on practical application and theoretical concepts of CT imaging. Students will cover the patient care requirements and image acceptability criteria. Class discussions/blogs will bring relevance of theory to examinations currently performed in the clinical environment. The students will focus on basic CT scan protocols for the head, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis, spine and extremities. Commonly occurring pathologies will be described and identified with supporting images and referenced to normal presentations. The required patient care for prior, during and post examination will be emphasized. Anatomical considerations in axial, sagittal and coronal plants on CT images will be assessed. There will be an overview of the CT Scanning equipment with a main focus on accessory equipment (injector pumps, patient restraints and supports), emergency support equipment and contrast media (selection, dosage, adverse reactions and patient care). This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction. Prerequisites: BHSC 2214 and MRAD 2208 and MRAD 2230

This course introduces the student to the fundamentals of specialized and interventional procedures in medical imaging. Students will focus on the anatomical and radiographic presentation for specific procedures, these being cerebral and renal angiography, angioplasty, embolizations, stent insertions and AIF's. The curriculum also identifies commonly used surgical instruments, angiography catheters, contrast media and relevant technical exposure factors relative to specific procedures. This course will also cover routine examinations for mammography, female reproductive and bone mineral densitometry (BMD) studies. It will include patient care, equipment, common pathologies, normal and variant results for each of these procedures. The curricula will be illustrated and delivered through on-line learning modules, on-line demonstrations, audiovisual aids and student projects. This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction. Prerequisites: MRAD 1209

This is the second of three clinical education courses. The students will build on their previous clinical experience by focusing on higher acuity patient cases. Term objectives will remain on examinations of the entire skeleton (except cranium), chest, abdomen, and gastrointestinal contrast studies. Students will be scheduled in all areas related to patient imaging practice such as general imaging department, acute/trauma areas, operating room, patient wards and outpatient clinics. In addition, students will be directed to start their required Bone Mineral Densitometry, Mammography and CT Scan rotation. This includes performing CT Scans of the head, thorax, abdomen/pelvis and spine. Prerequisites: MRAD 2208 and all Level 2 courses

The students will be introduced to complimentary imaging and related health disciplines such as Nuclear Medicine, Sonography, Magnetic Resonance, Health Records (patient files) and Medical Laboratory. Each of these professions contributes to the patients overall diagnosis and treatment planning. The information from these areas will be correlated to fully understand the patient's medical circumstances. Although the curricula will be cursory, it will provide insight and understanding amongst the professional staff.vv This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction.

This course is the last of three consecutive courses examining normal human structure and function. It is delivered in classroom format during the final academic term of the program. Three approaches to anatomy are utilized in the Medical Radiography program: first, an examination of selected body systems, followed by a regional approach, relating components of these systems to nearby organs. Finally the systems and regional viewpoints are integrated into a sectional imaging approach, viewing parts of the body in all three fundamental body planes, and in oblique planes where appropriate. Conventional anatomic presentations are supplemented by images obtained from a variety of diagnostic medical imaging technologies. Physiology is presented where it is relevant to, and contributes to an understanding of structure, the relationships among adjacent organs, to fundamental body processes, functional diagnostic imaging procedures and important clinical considerations. The course begins with an examination of the cardiovascular, lymphatic and respiratory systems. Switching to a regional approach the course focuses on the thoracic cavity, the contents of which are dominated by parts of the systems just examined. Sectional images in all three fundamental body planes, derived from multiple imaging modalities, are used to demonstrate thoracic structures and their functions. Organs displayed that are components of systems previously studied, or yet to be covered, will be described as they are encountered. The course now turns to study of the head and neck, commencing as usual with a systems approach. The axial skeleton (skull and spinal column) are first examined, followed by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), emphasizing the intimate relationships between the two. The remaining part of the course focuses on the sectional anatomy of the head and neck using images in all three fundamental body planes and the more oblique transverse planes conventionally used when assessing the skull and brain. Prerequisites: BHSC 3214

As a Medical Imaging Technologist, you will be professionally communicating on many technical and interpersonal levels with colleagues and other medical personnel, clients, and patients. COMM 4273 introduces you to the research and workplace communication skills you require to be successful in your career. As students and professionals, you will often act as a translator of technical information for patients, giving them instructions and explanations about imaging technology and exams. You will also contribute to the Imaging Department's team by making suggestions for improving patient care and departmental efficiency. Skills in assessing the needs of audiences and situations are fundamental in deciding what information to provide and how to say it in a way that will be understood and well received. As a member of an Imaging department and profession, you will share information and best practices with colleagues and may collaborate in applied research to advance the practice. In this course you will initiate and complete a research paper related to medical imaging and present your research as an oral presentation to your fellow students and instructors.

This course is divided into two parts. Part A will explore the structure and function of specialized x-ray tubes including recent innovations in x-ray tube technology, mammographic imaging, digital flat-panel radiography, digital mammography, including digital tomosynthesis of the breast, digital fluoroscopy, and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), including the goals of Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE). Part B will describe the concepts of Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) and the Elements of Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) in Radiology. In particular, QC tests will be discussed for film-screen systems, digital imaging systems including digital radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and bone mineral densitometry systems, with particular reference to Safety Code 35. Prerequisites: MRAD 1202

This course is a continuation of Radiographic Procedures 1 and 2. Students will build on their core knowledge from previous courses and clinical practica. The main focus is on specialized examinations of the skeleton and joints (e.g. hips, shoulder girdle, scoliosis exams) to include cranium and contrast studies. In addition, students will study the radiographic examinations of the complete urinary system. Students will be challenged to apply their existing knowledge and clinical experience to imaging studies of emergency/trauma and operating room procedures. Students will continue to build their skills in critiquing images for diagnostic and technical acceptability. A requirement for this course is to develop a radiographic exposure chart for various anatomical areas. This chart will reflect requirements of normal versus atypical patient anatomy. The theory will be supported by various laboratory activities and hands on experience to prepare for their final clinical practicum. Prerequisites: MRAD 2209

This online course builds on Pathology 1 by providing theory describing complex bone pathologies resulting from trauma and disease. Emphasis will be placed on discerning between benign versus malignant bony pathologies. The main focus of this course is commonly occurring pathological processes and their radiographic presentations of the following anatomical systems: respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, mammary, cardiovascular, nervous, lymphoreticular and endocrine. Prerequisites: BHSC 3214 and MRAD 2218

This course parallels and emphasizes topics presented in Relational Anatomy and Physiology 3. The course content will be covered in a laboratory environment using digital patient images, and anatomical models. The content will provide an in-depth focus of the cardiovascular, nervous (CNS) and respiratory systems, cranium, neck and thorax. Patient images will mainly focus on sectional presentation. In addition, sectional images of the spine, abdomen and pelvis will be included. This course will focus on the understanding of sectional images as represented in various body planes. The students will study the key anatomical structures and features featured on sectional anatomy as used by several disciplines such as Computed Tomography Scanning and Magnetic Resonance. This course also has significant importance for the understanding and success of several courses such as Radiographic Procedures 3, Pathology 2 and CT Clinical Application. This course will be delivered in a blended manner utilizing online and face to face resources and instruction. Prerequisites: BHSC 3214 and MRAD 2230

This course deals with the physical principles and technological aspects of Computed Tomography (CT). First the physical principles are described followed by a description of data acquisition concepts, and the fundamentals of image reconstruction. In addition, the major components of a CT scanner will be outlined and image manipulation of the CT image will be described. Secondly, the technical principles of multi-slice CT (MSCT) systems including evolution of MSCT systems, physical principles and equipment will be explained. In particular, important concepts such as multi-row detector technology and associated electronics and pitch will be elaborated. Furthermore, the major considerations in addressing the connection of the CT scanner to a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) will be highlighted. Finally the course will conclude with an overview of image quality, radiation dose and quality control (QC) aspects and specific quality tests for CT. Prerequisites: MRAD 1202 and MRAD 4500 and PHYS 1276

This course emphasizes the application of physical phenomena in medical radiography. Topics include electromagnetic spectrum, nuclear reactions and radioactive decay, mechanisms of attenuation and their effects on radiation production. The elements of image production and quality will be discussed relevant to quantum noise, spatial resolution and Nyquist theorem. Students will cover the use of solid state physics, detectors and analog to digital converters in modern imaging equipment. In addition, the physics of CCD cameras, photo stimulable phosphor plates and other x-ray detectors will be discussed. This course requires the students to perform precise measurement, graph plotting and data interpretation. Prerequisites: PHYS 1276

This course builds upon the core curriculum and provides the opportunity for students to integrate and synthesize the knowledge, skills, judgements and attitudes gained through the various BCIT Medical Radiography courses and clinical practice sessions. Students will use a variety of academic learning tools to solidify knowledge and further develop critical thinking skills towards making informed decisions in the clinical setting. Through guided self-study and assessments, the student will develop effective study skills to prepare for the CAMRT certification examination and improve the necessary analytical skills required in the clinical setting. This course will be delivered completely on-line utilizing both on-line resources and instruction. Prerequisites: MRAD 3208 and MRAD 4205

This is the last of three clinical education courses. The students will refine their previous clinical experience by focusing on high acuity patient cases. Term objectives will remain on examinations of the entire skeleton (including cranium), chest, abdomen, and gastrointestinal contrast studies. Students will be scheduled in all areas related to patient imaging practice such as general imaging department, acute/trauma areas, operating room, patient wards and outpatient clinics. In addition, students will be directed to complete their required Bone Mineral Densitometry, Mammography and CT Scan rotation. This includes performing CT Scans of the head, thorax, abdomen/pelvis and spine. Prerequisites: MRAD 3208 and all Level 4 courses